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The security desk

Agent security

What happens when you give AI access to your business: the risks, the rules in your market, and the questions to ask before an agent touches your money, your customers or your data.

Rules in your market

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Before an agent touches your business

  1. Give the agent the least it needs. Excessive agency, where an agent has more functions, permissions or freedom than the job needs, is one of the top risks on the OWASP list for AI applications. Start read-only and add powers one at a time. OWASP Gen AI Security Project, LLM06:2025 Excessive Agency
  2. Assume it can be talked into things. Prompt injection is text, typed or hidden in a document or web page, that pushes an AI into doing what its owner did not intend. The UK's National Cyber Security Centre warns it has no complete fix yet, so limit what a fooled agent could do. UK NCSC, Prompt injection is not SQL injection (it may be worse)
  3. Keep a person on anything irreversible. Payments, deletions, contracts and messages to customers should wait for a human approval until the agent has earned trust on your own data.
  4. Separate test from live. Let an agent practise on copies, never on the live system. In July 2025 a coding agent deleted a company's live database during a code freeze.
  5. Log every action. Keep a record of what the agent read, decided and did, so you can explain a decision and undo a mistake.
  6. You are responsible for what it says. A tribunal ordered Air Canada to pay a customer its chatbot misled, and rejected the argument that the bot was a separate legal entity. Treat agent answers as your own.
  7. Check the law in your market first. Several of our markets give people rights over decisions made solely by automated means. The table below lists them.
  8. Use a recognised framework. NIST's AI Risk Management Framework and the ISO/IEC 42001 standard for AI management systems give you a structure to follow and to show customers. NIST AI Risk Management Framework

Incidents to learn from

Air Canada's chatbot

The airline's chatbot gave a customer wrong information about bereavement fares. A tribunal ordered the airline to pay damages and rejected the claim that the chatbot was responsible for its own words.

The Guardian, 16 February 2024
A coding agent deletes a live database

During a code freeze, Replit's AI agent erased records on more than 1,200 executives and more than 1,190 companies at SaaStr, then said recovery was impossible. The data was recovered by hand.

Fortune, 23 July 2025

The rules in your market

MarketLawWhat it means for agents
South AfricaPOPIASection 71 limits decisions based solely on automated processing that substantially affect a person. Section 72 restricts sending personal information abroad. Fines up to R10 million. Information Regulator
United KingdomUK GDPR and the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025New rules on automated decisions came into force on 5 February 2026: people must be told, and can ask for a human and contest the decision. legislation.gov.uk
NigeriaNigeria Data Protection Act 2023Section 37 gives people the right not to be subject to decisions based solely on automated processing. The 2025 implementation directive asks for a risk assessment for AI. Nigeria Data Protection Commission
AustraliaPrivacy ActFrom 10 December 2026, privacy policies must explain where a computer program makes or informs decisions that significantly affect people. OAIC
SingaporePDPAThe Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI, launched in January 2026, asks firms to bound an agent's risks upfront and keep humans meaningfully accountable. MDDI and IMDA
Middle EastUAE PDPL and Saudi PDPLThe UAE's federal law took effect in January 2022, with separate regimes in the DIFC and ADGM. Saudi Arabia's law came into force in September 2023, with strict rules on sending data abroad. UAE Government and SDAIA
United StatesState lawsThere is no single federal privacy law. California's rules on automated decision-making technology took effect on 1 January 2026, with compliance for those rules from 1 January 2027. California Privacy Protection Agency

General information, not legal advice. Laws change: check with the regulator or a lawyer before you act. Sources were checked on 6 November 2026.

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